دليل تصميـــم الجســــــور
Dead, Live and Effects from Differential Settlement, Creep, Shrinkage, Expansion of Shrinkage Compensating Concrete, or Temperature (T) U = + (i) U = ( + + ) (ii) U = (D + T) Where D or L reduces F ++ D, L, W, E, H, F, and T represent the designated service loads or their corresponding effects such as moments ...